While Linux distributions provide extensive software repositories for easy package installation and updates, some software is not available in these official sources.
Managing software from non-repository sources is important for installing proprietary programs, specialized tools, or customized software versions. This process involves manual downloading and installing of packages, using third-party repositories, or employing universal packaging formats.
Methods to Manage Non-Repository Software
Not all software is available through official Linux repositories. Below are common methods used to install and manage non-repository applications.
1. Installing Packages from Downloaded Files
Debian Packages (.deb):
- Use dpkg to install downloaded .deb files:
sudo dpkg -i package_name.deb- Resolve missing dependencies afterward:
sudo apt-get install -fRPM Packages (.rpm):
Use rpm for installation:
sudo rpm -ivh package_name.rpmOr use yum/dnf localinstall for dependency resolution:
sudo yum localinstall package_name.rpm
sudo dnf install ./package_name.rpmExtracting Tarballs (.tar.gz, .tar.bz2, .zip):
These archives often contain precompiled binaries or source code.
Extract:
tar -xzf package.tar.gzCompile from source (if applicable):
./configure
make
sudo make installNote: Manual installations outside packages require tracking for updates and removals.
2. Using Third-Party Repositories and PPAs
Some software vendors provide their own package repositories (PPAs for Ubuntu) to facilitate updates. Adding a third-party repo involves editing source lists and trusting vendor keys.
Example (Ubuntu PPA):
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:name/ppa
sudo apt update
sudo apt install package_nameEnsures ongoing updates like official repositories but requires care to avoid conflicting packages.
3. Universal Package Formats
Snap: Containerized packages with all dependencies.
- Install snapd and use:
sudo snap install package_nameFlatpak: Focuses on sandboxing and compatibility.
- Install Flatpak and add Flathub repo, then install:
flatpak install flathub package_nameAppImage: Portable executable files that run without installation.
- Download and run directly:
./package_name.AppImageThese formats provide cross-distribution compatibility and ease of installation for non-repository apps.
Security Considerations
1. Only download software from trusted sources or official vendor sites.
2. Verify digital signatures or checksums (SHA256, GPG) when provided.
3. Be cautious with manual installations as they may bypass package manager tracking and updates.
4. Use sandboxed formats (Snap, Flatpak) to reduce security risks.
Managing Updates and Uninstallation
1. Software installed from .deb or .rpm packages can usually be managed with package managers.
2. Manual source installations require custom removal, often involving deleting files or running uninstall scripts.
3. Universal package managers (Snap, Flatpak) provide built-in update and removal commands:
sudo snap refresh package_name
flatpak update
sudo snap remove package_name
flatpak uninstall package_name
Class Sessions
Sales Campaign
We have a sales campaign on our promoted courses and products. You can purchase 1 products at a discounted price up to 15% discount.